Abstract

High-fidelity quantum entanglement enables key quantum networking capabilities such as secure communication and distributed quantum computing, but distributing entangled states through optical fibers is limited by noise and loss. Entanglement distillation protocols address this problem by extracting high-fidelity Bell pairs from multiple noisy ones. The primary objective is minimizing the resource overhead: the number of noisy input pairs needed to distill each high-fidelity output pair. While protocols achieving optimal overhead are known in theory, they often require complex decoding operations that make practical implementation challenging. We circumvent this challenge by introducing protocols that use quantum scrambling - the spreading of quantum information under chaotic dynamics - through random Clifford operations. Based on this scrambling mechanism, we design a distillation protocol that maintains asymptotically constant overhead, independent of the desired output error rate $\epsilon$, and can be implemented with shallow quantum circuits of depth $O(polylog log \epsilon^{-1}$ and memory $O(poly log \epsilon^{-1})$ . We show this protocol remains effective even with noisy quantum gates, making it suitable for near-term devices. Furthermore, by incorporating partial error correction, our protocol achieves state-of-the-art performance: starting with pairs of 10% initial infidelity, we require only 7 noisy inputs per output pair to distill a single Bell pair with infidelity $\epsilon = 10^{-12}$, substantially outperforming existing schemes. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our protocols through applications to quantum repeater networks.

Personal information

Andi Gu is currently pursuing his Ph.D. in Quantum Science and Engineering at Harvard University. Before joining Harvard, Andi studied at the University of California, Berkeley, earning a Bachelor of Arts in Computer Science and Physics. Andi’s research primarily revolves around quantum error correction, quantum information theory, and quantum many-body physics.