Abstract

Generic high-dimensional bipartite pure states are overwhelmingly likely to be highly entangled. Remarkably, this ubiquitous phenomenon can already arise in finite-dimensional systems. However, unlike the bipartite setting, the entanglement of generic multipartite pure states, and specifically their multipartite marginals, is far less understood. Here, we show that sufficiently large marginals of generic multipartite pure states, accounting for approximately half or more of the subsystems, are entangled across all bipartitions. These pure states are thus robust to losses in entanglement distribution and potentially useful for quantum information protocols where the flexibility in the collaboration among subsets of clients is desirable. We further show that these entangled marginals are not only shareable in closed systems, but must also induce entanglement in other marginals when some mild dimension constraints are satisfied, i.e., entanglement transitivity is a generic feature of various many-body closed systems. We further observe numerically that the genericity of (1) entangled marginals, (2) unique global compatibility, and (3) entanglement transitivity may also hold beyond the analytically established dimension constraints, which may be of independent interest.

Personal information

Mu-En is a Master's student supervised by Yeong-Cherng Liang in the Physics Department at National Cheng Kung University. He is currently interested in entanglement theory, Bell nonlocality, and quantum foundations.